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Inside the M4 Apple Neural Engine, Part 1: Reverse Engineering (maderix.substack.com)
GeekyBear 14 minutes ago [-]
The recent news is that Apple is supposedly replacing the Core ML framework with an updated version that will make it easier to integrate third party LLMs into your apps.

> the company is also planning a few other software-based AI upgrades, including a new framework called Core AI. The idea is to replace the long-existing Core ML with something a bit more modern.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2026-03-01/apple-...

behnamoh 10 minutes ago [-]
It's insane that the source code of ANE is not available even to the MLX team, possibly one of the reasons Awni (MLX project head) left Apple.
mathisfun123 8 minutes ago [-]
Tell me you've never worked at a hardware company without telling me lololol
behnamoh 7 minutes ago [-]
Yes I haven't worked at a hardware company, nothing to be ashamed of!
LatencyKills 58 minutes ago [-]
I worked on the Xcode team for years and know the lengths Apple goes to make this stuff difficult to figure out.

I just wanted to say that you’ve done an excellent job and am looking forward to the 3rd installment.

Octoth0rpe 1 hours ago [-]
Part 2 has benchmarks: https://maderix.substack.com/p/inside-the-m4-apple-neural-en...

6.6 FLOPS/W, plus the ability to completely turn off when not in use, so 0W at idle.

love2read 2 hours ago [-]
This article was clearly written by a human (and AI) but still has a few "LLMisms" such as:

- The key insight - [CoreML] doesn't XXX. It YYY.

With that being said, this is a highly informative article that I enjoyed thoroughly! :)

The article links to their own Github repo: https://github.com/maderix/ANE

walthamstow 2 hours ago [-]
We've got about a year before so many people are interacting with LLMs on a daily basis that its style starts to reverse infect human speech and writing
pixl97 1 hours ago [-]
This said, there were people that talked like this before LLMs, it didn't develop this whole cloth.
DrScientist 9 minutes ago [-]
Exactly. LLM's are mimics.

People seem to be going around pointing out that people talk like parrots, when in reality it's parrots talk like people.

Angostura 1 hours ago [-]
My honest take? You're probably right
sholladay 17 minutes ago [-]
You are absolutely right.

Here is why you are correct:

- I see what you did there.

- You are always right.

mattlangston 2 hours ago [-]
The future is bright for software engineers.

The big takeaway isn't reverse engineering the ANE per se, but what Manjeet could do with his software engineering skills when accelerated by AI.

This is a good example of the present state of software engineering. Not future state - present state.

daoistmonk 23 minutes ago [-]
Tangential: Is anyone doing something similar to accelerate the support matrix of Linux on anything higher than M2?
eleventyseven 1 hours ago [-]
> Throughout this series, “we” refers to maderix (human) and Claude Opus 4.6 (by Anthropic) working as a pair. The reverse engineering, benchmarking, and training code were developed collaboratively

Sure, "collaboratively." Why would I ever trust a vibe coded analysis? How do I, a non expert in this niche, know that Opus isn't pulling a fast one on both of us? LLMs write convincing bullshit that even fools experts. Have you manually verified each fact in this piece? I doubt it. Thanks for the disclaimer, it saved me from having to read it.

Anonbrit 17 minutes ago [-]
Humans also write endless amounts of convincing bullshit, and have done since time immemorial. False papers and faked results have been a growing scourge in academia before LLMs were a thing, and that's just counting the intentional fraud - the reproducibility crisis in science, especially medical and psychological science, affects even the best designed and well intentioned of studies.

Humans also make mistakes and assumptions while reverse engineering, so it will always need more engineers to go through the results, test things

withinboredom 38 minutes ago [-]
Claude likes to hide bad benchmarks from you, so it will show you where you are clearly winning. You even see some weird benchmarks in the article.
kamranjon 1 hours ago [-]
I have always wondered if the neural engine could be used for training - pretty excited for part 3 of this to see if the juice is actually worth the squeeze
techpulse_x 2 hours ago [-]
[dead]
poszlem 3 hours ago [-]
Genuine question, not trying to throw a shade or anything, but are those cores actually useful with the state of apple intelligence being what it is?
rahkiin 3 hours ago [-]
They are also used by ML models that are deeply integrated in macos and ios without you knowing. Like object and text detection in images.
willis936 44 minutes ago [-]
I wish they would (or wouldn't if they are) hook it up to the ios keyboard.
geerlingguy 1 hours ago [-]
And help in Photos, Final Cut Pro, and other apps.
dagmx 1 hours ago [-]
If you strip away the branding, Apple has and continues to ship a ton of algorithms that likely use the ANE and end users can use CoreML to do the same.

Just some things that people will likely take for granted that IIRC Apple have said use the ANE or at least would likely benefit from it: object recognition, subject extraction from images and video, content analysis, ARKit, spam detection, audio transcription.

sroussey 14 minutes ago [-]
Don’t forget FaceID and many of the image manipulation.

And while everyone else went to more powerful giant LLMs, Apple moved most of Siri from the cloud to your device. Though they do use both (which you can see when Siri corrects itself during transcription—you get the local Siri version corrected later by the cloud version).

stetrain 2 hours ago [-]
Apple's OSes run a lot of local ML models for many tasks that aren't branded as Apple Intelligence, and they have done so for many years now.
esafak 2 hours ago [-]
You can convert your own ML models to MLX to use them; Apple Intelligence is not the only application.
nullstyle 2 hours ago [-]
MLX does not run on NPUs AFAIK; just gpu and cpu. You have to use CoreML to officially run code on the neural engine.
mirsadm 2 hours ago [-]
Even then there is no transparency on how it decides what runs on the ANE/GPU etc
sroussey 13 minutes ago [-]
Correct. OS level stuff get first priority, so you can’t count on using it.
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