I wonder how much of that are foreign central banks moving their gold reserves out of the USA... France, The Netherlands and Germany have been moving gold.
France completely exited New York, the Netherlands roughly halved what they've stored there. That was in 2026. They didn't physically ship any of it, they sold it and rebought in Europe.
Germany moved 111t from New York in 2016, and, afaict, nothing since then. There's still 1236t left.
Italy also keeps over 1000t in New York (no plans for repatriation).
JumpCrisscross 2 hours ago [-]
> They didn't physically ship any of it, they sold it and rebought in Europe
This is effectively outsourcing that process to the banks.
minraws 2 hours ago [-]
Banks can keep it in US and stay happy, they don't necessarily immediately need physical gold. So it's quite efficient, lots of govts do similar stuff.
JumpCrisscross 1 hours ago [-]
> Banks can keep it in US and stay happy
If the Banque de France holds physical in New York and sells it to JPMorgan (nothing moves) and then in Paris buys contract for physical from UBS, there will probably need to be physical gold that moves.
In all likelihood, Swiss gold held by e.g. a Gulf customer might be sold to Paris (nothing moves) and JPMorgan may entice Venezuela to take those contracts on its balance sheet (nothing moves). But if it’s a big trade, the price of delivering physical in Paris (or Genève) will go above spot in New York at which point it’s profitable for JPMorgan to take delivery, load up planes and physically ship gold.
Gravityloss 1 hours ago [-]
I imagine a convoy of small but heavily armored ships leaving New York, with nervous sailors clutching machine guns on the decks.
JumpCrisscross 1 hours ago [-]
> I imagine a convoy of small but heavily armored ships
The article is about the export of mined gold. The US produces ~160 tons of gold annually from domestic mining operations.
iamnothere 1 hours ago [-]
It’s specifically nonmonetary gold, so that’s a separate issue unless those nations were holding non-reserve gold here.
Although a sibling commenter mentioned that they moved their gold by selling it and rebuying it in Europe. If that gold qualifies as non-reserve gold after sale, and is moved out after sale to (for example) China, then perhaps?
rkagerer 7 minutes ago [-]
That's what I thought too but the article says it's mostly fresh mine output (and recycled).
progval 2 hours ago [-]
Do they count as export if the owner doesn't change?
codethief 2 hours ago [-]
If central banks sell their gold in the US and buy new gold abroad (to save themselves physically transporting the gold across the ocean[0]), I suspect that the demand this creates for gold abroad will ultimately cause US gold exports to rise, too.
From the article:
> The U.S. government is still reporting that its gold reserves are unchanged, so these exports look to be coming from current mine output and recycling operations.
Not sure if "The U.S governments gold reserves" also includes the ones from other countries though.
exe34 1 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
simonh 55 minutes ago [-]
So that’s why Florida is sinking into the ocean.
csomar 2 hours ago [-]
I don't think that counts as exports although they could be selling in the US and buying locally where traders move the gold (then it will be counted as exports).
dyauspitr 1 hours ago [-]
Probably all of it.
samudrijan 2 hours ago [-]
So not actually productive exports. Just draining the coffers as the criminals in charge loot the commons.
JumpCrisscross 48 minutes ago [-]
> majority of gold exports are going to Switzerland, almost certainly to the refiners there
Sounds like a refining bottleneck.
Globally, “refining capacity is operating at near-total utilization” [1]. That is particularly true in America, where refiners are “limiting purchases” [2] and “turning away new clients” [3].
Global demand for gold—lead by China—is surging. That, in turn, made gold “the most-developed commodity over 2020-25” with “the highest [new] mine count each year during the period” [4].
Where are those mines opening? In “Australia, Canada and the US,” which “accounted for the largest share of new gold production.”
I think those count as services. Gold is the most-exported good.
XCSme 39 seconds ago [-]
Title doesn't mention good specifically
Aachen 22 minutes ago [-]
Would have thought advertising and transaction fees myself, but the article says it's usually oil (ok I should have thought of that), "pharmaceuticals" (mkay, seems cheaper to make elsewhere so that's a bit strange), or aircraft and their parts (wut? How many aircraft can the world need that it commonly tops the export chart of the wealthiest country?!)
JumpCrisscross 2 minutes ago [-]
Goods versus services. We tend to use the word “exports” to refer to only the former in America, which is anachronistic.
cpgxiii 7 minutes ago [-]
> How many aircraft can the world need that it commonly tops the export chart of the wealthiest country?
Airliners and military aircraft are expensive. Consider that nearly the entire aircraft production capacity of Boeing and Lockheed-Martin as well as the engine production capacity of GE and P&W are booked for years to come. Also, unlike Airbus which has multiple final assembly plants across the world, Boeing only does final assembly in the US.
XCSme 18 minutes ago [-]
I mean, wouldn't that make sense given the market caps?
So many trillion-dollar valued AI-focused companies.
_ache_ 2 hours ago [-]
If you think that USD value will drop sharply, it's a logical thing to do.
f001 1 hours ago [-]
It’s more of losing trust in the US. If they don’t believe they’ll have access to it when needed or if they believe it might be seized for whatever made up reason, makes sense to move it somewhere they’ll have control over it.
JumpCrisscross 35 minutes ago [-]
Probably not. This is non-monetary gold mostly going off to refiners. Not bullion.
bigmadshoe 1 hours ago [-]
Why would the dropping value of the USD be a factor in selling gold? Doesn't holding gold hedge against exactly that?
I think the real reason is that they're afraid of political instability in the US that may result in 1) an inability to retrieve their gold, or 2) the government confiscating it.
declan_roberts 2 hours ago [-]
I don't quite follow. Countries hold gold to protect their own currency from devaluation, not bc they expected it to become stronger against a dollar.
_ache_ 1 hours ago [-]
If you have USD and you think it will value less soon, you change it to gold instead.
If you own gold in the US and think that the USD value will drop very low, you move out of the USD fearing gold retention.
ericmay 3 minutes ago [-]
But there isn’t a good reason to think that since countries such as Italy, UK, France, and others are in much worse financial positions.
A lot of this stuff is just business as usual, and then tabloids like to turn it into some doom and gloom nonsense.
jack_pp 1 hours ago [-]
How does holding gold protect from devaluation? No one has currency backed by gold any more.
scotty79 1 hours ago [-]
> How does holding gold protect from devaluation?
I think the idea is to rise the value of your currency, you rise the demand for your currency, by selling for it something that everybody wants, like gold.
Of course this demand is artificial and you'll run out of hold to sell at some point, but it can hopefully carry you over thd bump.
irishcoffee 1 hours ago [-]
I still don’t get it. Why does everyone want gold? Its uses are some types of electronics and jewelry. Almost seems like crypto, it has value because it is somewhat rare… and everyone else also thinks it has value.
Sincere question.
Supermancho 55 minutes ago [-]
Gold ingot relative rarity + desirability + physical durability means it's a 'physical good' that is likely to retain value above a relative floor...ie it will always be worth something to someone, and virtually every country tracks their own estimate. Gold is a standard element of trade historically as it's a little difficult to steal (easier to defend physically) while being fairly simple to verify and measure.
iamnothere 50 minutes ago [-]
It’s similar to the valuation of crypto, being based on scarcity and mutual agreement, but without the risk of losing your funds from hacks or bugs, and without the benefit of online transfer. You can put it in a hole in the ground and it will be the exact same in 50 years. It’s shiny and has a history.
Nations like to use it for reserves because it’s stable, historically fit for the purpose of exchange, and well-understood. You can “count” it and use this to settle balances in a way that outsiders can’t easily interfere with.
Almost all “value” is strange and complex. Why is Francium, which is less useful than even gold, worth a theoretical $28 billion per ounce? (Not that you would find any buyers for that quantity.) Why is a Black Lotus card worth $3 million? Why is a dollar worth whatever you can buy for a dollar?
deadbabe 35 minutes ago [-]
Why is a bitcoin worth anything?
coralreef 18 minutes ago [-]
Why is anything worth anything?
The short but final answer: because other people want it.
_ache_ 57 minutes ago [-]
The value of Gold isn't linked to any currency.
Money is just paper (or a number) and can be de-valuated. Gold doesn't.
theendisney 1 hours ago [-]
To trade with Anunnaki. They need it to repair Nibiru's failing atmosphere.
KellyCriterion 49 minutes ago [-]
LOL
Massivly surprised to see a link to this storyline/paradigm here on HN, great!
Cheers! :-))
theendisney 10 minutes ago [-]
You'd be surprised what livered onions go for on Zeta Reticula.
AnimalMuppet 15 minutes ago [-]
Gold has been valued across almost all cultures for thousands of years. That creates an expectation that it will still be valued.
And, gold is limited (in recoverable quantities) in Earth's crust. Nobody can print a bunch more of it, unlike fiat currency.
Between those two, it's what many people reach for when they fear that the government is going to devalue their currency. They can buy now, with currency that will soon be worth less, and what they buy will be worth something even after the currency becomes worth less.
scotty79 59 minutes ago [-]
> Why does everyone want gold?
Because you sell it cheap.
> Almost seems like crypto, it has value because it is somewhat rare… and everyone else also thinks it has value.
Exactly.
It has value because it won't spoil and you can sell it later gor the same or more because it's scarce.
scotty79 1 hours ago [-]
If you sell something in US, you get paid in US dollars. If you believe dollars soon won't be worth the paper they are printed on, you immediately spend dollars on something that has durable value and take it with you instead.
throwawayffffas 45 minutes ago [-]
It's more like if you think Trump is likely to say, actually that's my gold.
IAmGraydon 1 hours ago [-]
They think the Trump administration will confiscate it.
Dumblydorr 1 hours ago [-]
Whatever would give them that idea…
legitster 47 minutes ago [-]
The article points out the primary source is recycling operations.
This is not some big currency or export program. It's most likely Grandma and Grandpa hawking their jewelry.
The cash for gold industry in the US is absolutely massive and growing. Most of it is fueled by boomers dumping their assets into gold and silver - and then cashing it out when times get worse.
setopt 45 minutes ago [-]
That’s not just a US boomer thing, you’ll see the same in many Arabic countries for example, across generations.
manlymuppet 2 hours ago [-]
How much of this is exports being ranked by value, and gold, even a little being worth a lot, quickly becomes the “top” export despite being relatively small in absolute quantity terms?
ashdksnndck 1 hours ago [-]
Was anyone confused by the title and thought we are exporting more gold in volume or weight than other products? It seems obvious that gold must be winning on value.
ceroxylon 2 hours ago [-]
From the article:
>That’s not just because the price of gold reached record high prices. In February 2026, the tons of gold exported may have set an all-time record.
manlymuppet 2 hours ago [-]
> Normally, America’s highest value exports are either oil, pharmaceuticals, or aircraft and their parts. Not now. Starting in October 2025, the value of gold exports has topped all other categories almost every month.
From what I’m reading, the article does rank exports by value.
Relative to quantity, the price of gold might have less to do with why it’s the top of the list, but gold being more valuable in general might still be the main reason it’s at the top.
For example:
June
Oil at $1 a barrel
Gold at $10 a ton
100 barrels of oil exported - $100
9 tons of gold exported - $90
By value, oil is the top export.
——-
July
Oil at $1 a barrel
Gold at $9 a ton
100 barrels of oil exported - $100
12 tons of gold exported - $108
By value, gold is now the top export.
——-
Even though the price of gold dropped—-the inverse of our current situation to illustrate an extreme—-the general higher price of gold is more relevant to the ranking than its quantity increase.
maxldn 1 hours ago [-]
I feel like pharmaceuticals and aircraft are quite expensive by mass
bigmadshoe 1 hours ago [-]
Exports are typically ranked in dollars, not in kilograms. Do we think about the weight of GPUs a country exports or their value?
2 hours ago [-]
leopoldcongo 1 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
metalman 1 hours ago [-]
ton for ton the US top export is CO², and it's largest import is O², or was, if it has slipped then that is the main reason behind the export of ag, as all of it is tied to actual industrial capacity
EA-3167 2 hours ago [-]
I doubt the veracity of this article. All previous metal exports from the US, including and not limited to gold, came third in exports as of mid-year.
The article that you posted seems to be LLM slop with no references to their claims and the article in the post references data from bea.gov so :shrug:
throwawayffffas 51 minutes ago [-]
Straight up read God.
leopoldcongo 1 hours ago [-]
All the gold was stolen from Africa or South America by the Europeans no?
ralph84 41 minutes ago [-]
The biggest gold mines by far are in the US, Russia, and other former Soviet republics.
throw73847939 2 hours ago [-]
Gold is tiny compared to oil and other energy exports. I would more watch for drop in energy exports, and how US is screwing its partners right now!
Rendered at 21:18:35 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) with Vercel.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgyn8q8gqxo
Germany moved 111t from New York in 2016, and, afaict, nothing since then. There's still 1236t left.
Italy also keeps over 1000t in New York (no plans for repatriation).
This is effectively outsourcing that process to the banks.
If the Banque de France holds physical in New York and sells it to JPMorgan (nothing moves) and then in Paris buys contract for physical from UBS, there will probably need to be physical gold that moves.
In all likelihood, Swiss gold held by e.g. a Gulf customer might be sold to Paris (nothing moves) and JPMorgan may entice Venezuela to take those contracts on its balance sheet (nothing moves). But if it’s a big trade, the price of delivering physical in Paris (or Genève) will go above spot in New York at which point it’s profitable for JPMorgan to take delivery, load up planes and physically ship gold.
It’s typically flown [1].
[1] https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politic...
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Fish
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_(cracker)
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_stones
Although a sibling commenter mentioned that they moved their gold by selling it and rebuying it in Europe. If that gold qualifies as non-reserve gold after sale, and is moved out after sale to (for example) China, then perhaps?
[0]: See the link in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50134172
Not sure if "The U.S governments gold reserves" also includes the ones from other countries though.
Sounds like a refining bottleneck.
Globally, “refining capacity is operating at near-total utilization” [1]. That is particularly true in America, where refiners are “limiting purchases” [2] and “turning away new clients” [3].
Global demand for gold—lead by China—is surging. That, in turn, made gold “the most-developed commodity over 2020-25” with “the highest [new] mine count each year during the period” [4].
Where are those mines opening? In “Australia, Canada and the US,” which “accounted for the largest share of new gold production.”
[1] https://www.skillings.net/gold-refining-report-global-standa...
[2] https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/metal-refiners-t...
[3] https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/refining-pipelin...
[4] https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insight...
Airliners and military aircraft are expensive. Consider that nearly the entire aircraft production capacity of Boeing and Lockheed-Martin as well as the engine production capacity of GE and P&W are booked for years to come. Also, unlike Airbus which has multiple final assembly plants across the world, Boeing only does final assembly in the US.
So many trillion-dollar valued AI-focused companies.
I think the real reason is that they're afraid of political instability in the US that may result in 1) an inability to retrieve their gold, or 2) the government confiscating it.
A lot of this stuff is just business as usual, and then tabloids like to turn it into some doom and gloom nonsense.
I think the idea is to rise the value of your currency, you rise the demand for your currency, by selling for it something that everybody wants, like gold.
Of course this demand is artificial and you'll run out of hold to sell at some point, but it can hopefully carry you over thd bump.
Sincere question.
Nations like to use it for reserves because it’s stable, historically fit for the purpose of exchange, and well-understood. You can “count” it and use this to settle balances in a way that outsiders can’t easily interfere with.
Almost all “value” is strange and complex. Why is Francium, which is less useful than even gold, worth a theoretical $28 billion per ounce? (Not that you would find any buyers for that quantity.) Why is a Black Lotus card worth $3 million? Why is a dollar worth whatever you can buy for a dollar?
The short but final answer: because other people want it.
Massivly surprised to see a link to this storyline/paradigm here on HN, great!
Cheers! :-))
And, gold is limited (in recoverable quantities) in Earth's crust. Nobody can print a bunch more of it, unlike fiat currency.
Between those two, it's what many people reach for when they fear that the government is going to devalue their currency. They can buy now, with currency that will soon be worth less, and what they buy will be worth something even after the currency becomes worth less.
Because you sell it cheap.
> Almost seems like crypto, it has value because it is somewhat rare… and everyone else also thinks it has value.
Exactly.
It has value because it won't spoil and you can sell it later gor the same or more because it's scarce.
This is not some big currency or export program. It's most likely Grandma and Grandpa hawking their jewelry.
The cash for gold industry in the US is absolutely massive and growing. Most of it is fueled by boomers dumping their assets into gold and silver - and then cashing it out when times get worse.
>That’s not just because the price of gold reached record high prices. In February 2026, the tons of gold exported may have set an all-time record.
Relative to quantity, the price of gold might have less to do with why it’s the top of the list, but gold being more valuable in general might still be the main reason it’s at the top.
For example:
June
Oil at $1 a barrel
Gold at $10 a ton
100 barrels of oil exported - $100
9 tons of gold exported - $90
By value, oil is the top export.
——-
July
Oil at $1 a barrel
Gold at $9 a ton
100 barrels of oil exported - $100
12 tons of gold exported - $108
By value, gold is now the top export.
——-
Even though the price of gold dropped—-the inverse of our current situation to illustrate an extreme—-the general higher price of gold is more relevant to the ranking than its quantity increase.
https://logisticsmaterial.com/trade/americas-biggest-exports...
edit: A better source that uses Census BEA data: https://ustradesignals.com/statistics/exports-by-industry
and says the same thing.
edit2: A third source using different data saying the same thing. https://tradeint.com/insights/us-export-data/#elementor-toc_...
https://imgur.com/a/bAbAFru